Acknowledgements; Bibliography and abbreviations; Chapter 1. Introduction: 1.1 The background for the study; 1.2 History of archaeological research in Lucania; 1.3 Culture and ethnicity; 1.4 The chronological framework; 1.5 Summary; Chapter 2. Topography: 2.1 Morphological changes since antiquity; 2.2 Communication routes; 2.3 Natural resources; 2.4 Summary; Chapter 3. Archaeological evidence from Northwestern Lucania: 3.1 Settlements; 3.2 Cemeteries; 3.3 Sanctuaries; 3.4 Oscan epigraphy; 3.5 Interpretations of the archaeological evidence; Chapter 4. Literary sources: 4.1 The most important sources; 4.2 Oinotrians and Oinotria; 4.3 The foundation of Poseidonia; 4.4 Lucanians; 4.5 Alexander Molossus' campaigns in Italy; Chapter 5. Conclusions; Catalogue of sites; List of illustrations; Figures.